Major and minor salivary glands (minor) consists of two groups of glands. Located in front of the ear on both sides and the bottom, the salivary glands, parotid, and sublingual salivary glands the major salivary glands are the salivary glands under the jaw.
In the mouth, palate, lips and a very small number of (minor) salivary glands are there. The task of the salivary glands of the mouth to moisturize, which contains proteins called enzymes that help digestion and acts against germs disinfectant is to produce saliva secretion. Between 0.5-1.5 litres of saliva per day produced the major and minor glands is discharged into the mouth.
Benign Salivary Gland Diseases
This group of diseases in its own right, non-tumoral and tumoral diseases characterized by the formation of the mass so as in two sub-groups are evaluated. The most common diseases in this classification are as follows:
Non-tumoral diseases > Acute inflammation of the salivary gland
- Mumps is a viral disease most common viral infections of the salivary glands. Located under the front of the ear, this disease usually affects the parotid gland in 4-6 year-old children that is monitored. 14-21 days after a virus that is transmitted through the air entered the body on both sides, under the ear pain, swelling, tenderness, and fever begins. The formation of the spasm in the muscles around the parotid gland may develop difficulty in opening the mouth is connected to. Diagnosis of rubella virus antibodies in the blood against the defense system by the story and is diagnosed by observing. Does not require special treatment, bed rest, fluid intake and antipyretic, analgesic drugs is usually sufficient. Rarely, the virus is in the brain, kidney, ear, affecting the testicles or business complications may develop. In this case, the affected organ-specific treatment may be needed. With the implementation of the mumps vaccine, the incidence has considerably been reduced.
- Bacterial infections often the parotid gland was observed in this disease, which occurs suddenly in front of the ear and under pain, swelling, skin redness and tenderness will occur. Usually inadequate fluid field, advanced age, and in people with weakened immune systems often required inpatient treatment in the postoperative period is monitored. In the examination, from the region of inflamed ducts opening into the mouth of the salivary glands can become infected. In case of delay of treatment, especially in elderly patients with abscess formation or the spread of infection linked to mortality risk of infection may result in the table. Treatment is done with antibiotics according to culture that is received from the salivary channel.
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- Chronic Inflammations of the salivary glands usually diminished saliva production, and a progressive inflammation of the salivary ducts of the outbreak in the village is a form of accumulation over time. To slow down the secretion of saliva in the mouth through the channel of normal bacteria to spread into the salivary glands causes. Chronic inflammation by changing the structure and physical structure of salivary causes the problem of time to become permanent. The remaining stones in the channel for a long time, they may also cause the development of these problems. The body's immune system weaknesses recurrent acute infections, radiation therapy, smoking, oral hygiene may predispose disorder. The most obvious complaint meals, especially increased during painful swellings are usually fever, rash, such as do not have signs of acute inflammation. Increasing fluid intake treatment, massage assisting with the discharge of the outbreak, antibiotic treatment in acute exacerbations and surgical removal of the salivary gland in cases that do not respond to these treatments is applied.
- Dry mouth (xerostomia) taste sensation in the mouth drying at the same time, weight loss, difficulty swallowing, pain may cause problems such as tooth decay. This problem that can be encountered in diseases of the parotid gland, stress, diabetes, chronic inflammation, depending on factors such as radiation can occur. Treatment the treatment of the disease that is causing the problem, increasing fluid intake, and drugs that increase saliva secretion is the use of artificial saliva.
Benign Tumors Of The Salivary Gland
Tumors arising from salivary glands 70-80% of i is due to the parotid gland, parotid gland tumors, 80% of benign tumors, in contrast, was observed in the percent of tumor in the salivary glands under the jaw while this is a benign tumor in the salivary gland of the rate of 50-60%, while the incidence of tumors in the sublingual and minor salivary glands in the vicinity of these tumors being benign rate is 35%.
Salivary gland-induced tumors usually 50-70 years old, slow-growing masses arise as. A fine needle biopsy and radiological examination as well as an important role in diagnosis. The distinction being made on needle biopsy of the tumor or cancer, the treatment plan is shaped accordingly.
The majority of benign tumors of the salivary gland mixed tumor is more common in women between the ages of 30 and 60 and is called a tumor or pleomorphic adenoma. In general, all is applied in the surgical treatment of benign tumors. During this surgery, the tumor is located in the salivary gland as a whole are mined. A prominent feature of the parotid salivary gland of the facial nerve that moves the muscles of the face after exiting from the bottom of the ear bones, the muscles of the face while it is in this way pass through the cloth and the cloth is the separation of the branches. The nerve and its branches to the superficial lobe of the gland on the remaining part under the deep lobe of the remaining part is called. Benign tumors of the parotid deep lobe involvement if there is a tumor, surgery is only superficial lobe is removed.
Malignant Tumors Of The Salivary Gland
Malignant tumors of the salivary gland malignant tumors in the head and neck region %of flour 3-4 form. The exact causes of the formation of these tumors are unknown, but viral infections, exposure to radiation, environmental factors, and genetic characteristics are considered to have an effect. One of the most common malignant salivary gland tumors (75 to 80 percent) in the parotid gland, sublingual salivary glands under the jaw and rarely at a rate of -20 or minor glands is observed.
The most common tumors that may run different types of tumors in the salivary glands mukoepidermoid carcinoma (45%) and adenoid cystic carcinomas (22%) of each other. Clinical behavior of the tumor malignant tumors, depending on the degree of structural change and the rate of spread, low, medium and high-grade (grade) as they are grouped. High-grade tumors are more aggressive and tend to spread to the lymph nodes of the neck and surrounding tissues, with high risk of distant metastasis tumors. The first option in the treatment of malignant salivary gland tumors is surgery. During surgery, the tumor has not spread to normal tissue around the tumour should be removed so as to include as wide. Unless there is involvement by a tumor from the surgical site last the facial nerve, such as the sensation nerves nerves of the tongue should be protected. Tumor identified in the lymph glands in the neck, even with splashes identified and the detection of significant involvement of neck lymph nodes metastasis to adjacent lymph nodes are also removed during surgery for tumors with high-risk (neck dissection surgery). For small tumors rarely radiotherapy treatment can be selected as the real. Large and radiotherapy after surgery for tumors with a high risk of spread to the surgical site by giving the Prevention of tumor recurrence in the same region, it is intended to.
Cancer patients with regional and distant tumor spread due to other health problems in patients with highly metastatic and drug therapy (chemotherapy) may be preferred.