What is the function of tonsils and adenoids?
The back part of the nose (nasal) and waldeyer ring is called the rich lymphatic tissue in the throat and especially in the early years of life, the body's defense system against infections through the mouth and nose plays an important role in formulating incoming answer.
The Structures That Form The Waldeyer Ring;
- The tonsils (tonsils),
- Language is the root of tonsils (lingual tonsils),
- Adenoids pharyngeal tonsil),
- Lymph tissue that is located at the mouth of the Eustachian tube (tubal tonsils, Gerlah organs),
- Lymphoid follicles that are located on the rear wall of the throat
The tonsils and adenoid infection in children and to be a focus of these particular anatomical structures between the size as a result of the growth of the secondary cause problems because they may have a different importance.
The Tonsils (Tonsils)
The tonsils are located on both sides of the throat with a capsule and lymph tissue are separated from the surrounding tissue.
The crypts of the tonsils and lymph indent settled around 15-20 pieces called groups of cells-oral route arriving by miro defense against the response of the system plays an important role in the formation of organisms. The tonsils dead cells and food debris accumulated in the recesses and the medication is placed in use as they can become a source of infection due to bacteria that cannot be cleaned. Foci of chronic infection of the tonsils in children and adults in cases decreases the resistance of the body from the outside even with a new infection can cause recurrent acute tonsillitis can activate as foci to fuck enfelsiyon available.
Tonsils are lymph tissue in recurrent infections as a result of proliferation as a result of the contraction in the growth of the respiratory channels, depending on the size of the tonsils, snoring, sleep blockage and breathing (apnea) cause symptoms such as may.
Adenoid)
In the back of the nose nasal adenoid tonsils lymphatic tissue located in the ceiling of the common area such as the shape and there is a capsule that creates the border with the surrounding tissue. The path of the nose of the first response that comes with the body's defense system against infectious agents that are passed to grow as a result of infections of the genes that constitute the drain holes opened in the back of the nose (to quote koan) block size, nasal congestion, snoring, sleep in a blockage (obstruction) may cause symptoms such as.
The small size of adenoid tissue in the lymph during the birth in the first years of life when faced with external factors nose infection that comes with a path different from person to person depending on the frequency of structural characteristics and proportions is evident in the reaction to grow and that you will start seeing complaints of nasal obstruction in children usually three to four years. I went in until the age of six or seven of adenoid proliferation of lymphatic tissue, and then gradually decreases, and began to adenoids usually shrink the size by volume declines from the age of 10-12 won't be clogging.
At the same time, often recurrent adenoid infections opened on either side of the nasal region, and the middle ear by the Eustachian tube, which allows the synchronization of disrupting the functions of negative pressure and fluid collection in the middle ear (otitis media) or recurrent middle ear infections (acute otitis media) may be caused by.
Acute Tonsillitis (Acute Tonsillitis)
The organism that causes acute tonsillitis infection of the tonsils with active defense system and the patient's complaints and signs of varying severity, depending on the cause of the resistance.
The main factors that cause acute tonsillitis:
Bacteria:
- Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococci,
- Staphylococci
- Pneumococcus,
- H. influenza
- Anaerobic bacteria,
Viruses:
- Influenza,
- Parainfluenza viruses
- The herpes simplex virus
- Coxsackie virus
- Ekovirus are
- Rhinoviruses are
- Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
Viral factors in preschool children is more often a source of bacterial infection factors in adolescents and young adults.
What Are The Symptoms Of Acute Tonsillitis?
Especially beta-hemolytic streptococci tonsillitis caused by a viral infection is more severe than complaints. The start of the infection in a short period of time with high fever and chills can be monitored, following a severe sore throat occurs. The involvement of the muscles in the throat area that causes difficulty in swallowing. Headache, the pain that hit the ears, weakness, and joint pain. Complaints usually clears up in 7-8 days 4-6 days after starting to decline. Appropriate treatment started within 24-48 hours early complaints that patients can be controlled.
What are findings in acute tonsillitis?
On examination of the patient, varying amounts of white on the tonsils and tonsils of the notch on the dice (crypts) opening inflammation in the parts monitored. In all lymphoid tissues in the throat and on the tonsils, bleeding of the foci, it may be a reaction. Generally the throat looks red and swollen.
In the upper portion of the neck behind the corner of the jaw and pain, enlargement of lymph nodes is monitored frequently.
Laboratory Findings In Acute Tonsillitis
- The sphere white blood count tests has increased. CRP, ESR values generally above normal.
- Antistreptoliz normal antibodies in the blood (ASO) seviyesi166-200 U/DL, which suggests the values on migrated streptococcal infection.
- Gram staining of microorganisms that cause infections is determined by microscopic examination of a swab from the throat, at the same time is sensitive to antibiotics which can be produced in a throat culture may show that.
- In streptococcal infections, a rapid strep test can be used in the diagnosis, but it will give a false negative result should be kept in mind
Treatment Of Acute Tonsillitis
Adequate fluid intake and rest is very important in the treatment of the disease. Oral medicine as antiseptic, analgesic, and antipyretic drugs for bacterial infections, antibiotics are used. Oral antibiotic treatment was started in patients with treatment for a period of at least 10 days must be used.
The clinic when it is severe, oral medication considering the difficulty, IV or injection treatment can be started for Nov. In this case, the first choice for the Nov (IM) procaine penicillin is. The application twice a day for 3-4 days after 800.000 u im in adult patients, treatment with ablation of the clinic-oral route by using benzathine penicillin group drugs by injection once or warehouse can be completed in 10 days Nov 1.200.000 u penicillin can be discontinued. Beta-lactamase producing bacteria are found in the environment, if the response to treatment with penicillin will be reduced. This situation is routinely performed to identify with the culture of the following appropriate antibiotic should be switched.
Differential Diagnosis In Acute Inflammation Bademcil
Acute tonsillitis is more involved with diseases, infectious mononucleosis, diphtheria, and red.
Infectious mononucleosis disease Epstain Barr virus (EBV) . School-age children monitored and kissing in public is often known as a disease, this infection is spread by airborne droplets and saliva. Clinical findings are very similar to acute tonsillitis, fever, sore throat, enlargement of the tonsils, redness and covering the tonsils white-gray colored dice is monitored. With the growth in the lymph nodes in the neck, in conjunction with the spread of the virus in the blood, liver and spleen growth. The increase in blood cells called monocytes in the diagnosis, disease-specific cells and the monitoring of immunological tests are used. The lack of an increase in the total number of white sphere, ESR and CRP increased liver enzyme levels, liver and spleen enlargement and other findings that are helpful in the determination of the diagnosis. The evaluation of blood smears microscopy of other blood diseases that may lead to similar findings in regard to the differentiation is very important.
The initial period of the disease diphtheria slow, is not evident in the overall findings. Hoarseness, shortness of breath, cough, swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck could be. A thick, gray, tightly attached to the base consists of dice. When the membrane on the tonsils removed is bleeding is typical. Incompatible with fire, because it releases toxins that affect the nervous system and heart heartbeat can be detected. Diagnosis is made with gram staining and a throat culture. The frequency of the disease seen with vaccination programs is considerably reduced
A special of scarlet fever toxin-producing Streptococcus occurs with a thick red spotted appearance of membrane formation and the tongue (strawberry tongue) is monitored. Include widespread swollen rash in the body. Diagnosis is diagnosed by throat culture and immunological tests.
Chronic Tonsillitis, Chronic Tonsillitis)
Developing recurrent infections as a result of persistent inflammation of the tonsils. Enlargement of the tonsils, deterioration in the structure, indentations (crypts) and most of the time the accumulation of dead cell debris clogging infected (magma) is monitored. Tonsils generally grow with recurring infections, though sometimes smaller can be lost. Chronic tonsillitis, the causative bacteria in the crypts in the tonsils are settled.
The Symptoms Of Chronic Inflammation Bademcil:
- Recurrent sore throat
- Enlargement of the tonsils and increase vascularity
- Accumulated crypts in the dirty, yellow -, white-colored, foul-smelling cells and food debris
- Dec Dec recurrent febrile infection attacks, joint pain, fatigue
- Swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck are
Treatment of chronic tonsillitis
Antibiotics for recurrent infections are frequent (monthly depot penicillin injections) may be used, though usually removal of the tonsils () tonsillectomy is preferred. In children under the age of three, although infection of the tonsils does not occur, the problem is to be extremely large if the tonsils, which is clear at this stage in the life of the body's immune system rather than on its contribution to the ease of air to be taken in order to protect fully the channel may be preferred to be partially reduced. For this purpose, the applied techniques will be discussed under the heading of tonsillectomy.
An Abscess Around The Tonsils (Peritonsillar Abscess)
The infection is spreading through the soft palate occurs as a result of the tonsil capsule inside. The factor often oxygen-free growing environment (anaerobic) bacteria. Tonsil abscess sevresinde monitored several times per day in patients who develop fever, chills, fatigue, difficulty swallowing, saliva flow, difficulty in opening the mouth, speech disorder.
In the examination of the tonsils swelling, edema, pus on the tonsils, are membrane formation. Edematous epiglottis (the uvula) have been leaning in the opposite direction.
Hospitalisation and antibiotic therapy for treatment of patients who develop an abscess around the tonsils usually should be initiated. Analgesic, antipyretic drugs, and oral hygiene is Mouthwash with antiseptic radios. Infection called cellulitis phase (fluid accumulation didn circuit) in case of small or localized disease, abscess formation can be reversed by medication. In case of the detection of accumulation of marked inflammation, the abscess must be surgically removed.
Patient monitoring and the subsequent evacuation of the abscess, and peritonsillar abscess in pediatric patients is problematic in patients with a history of frequent tonsillitis or given by the intravenous line before and 12 hours following antibiotic treatment of the tonsils surgically removed (hot tonsillectomy) may be preferred.
Complications Of Tonsillitis
Tonsillitis is generally self-limiting infections respond to therapies and medication, but especially the body's immune system weak depending on the extent of inflammation in patients with regional and remote can be traced further.
Connected to the regional spread of infection, obstruction of vessels (thrombophlebitis), brain abscess, edema due to obstruction in the larynx on the respiratory tract, inflammation of the longitudinal spread tall with abscess formation, pneumonia, lung abscess, rupture of large blood vessels in the neck may occur.
Another complication of tonsillitis that can be the cause of the group's own tissues the body's immune system in some patients due to damage to the body of the response consists of. Beta-hemolytic streptococci in the community nearly immune response against the complications that develop due to genetic predisposition is generated at the rate of three per thousand as a result of this disease is called hot and arthritis. Defence against infection of the system with the answer inflammation of the joints (arthritis), the pericardium infection (endocarditis), some skin lesions and inflammation of the kidneys (nephritis) can be monitored.
Surgical treatment of tonsil and adenoid infections
Tonsil and adenoid surgery for “information about tonsil and adenoid surgery under the title” have been described.